expect 文件分发

expect可以让我们实现自动登录远程机器，并且可以实现自动远程执行命令。当然若是使用不带密码的密钥验证同样可以实现自动登录和自动远程执行命令。但当不能使用密钥验证的时候，我们就没有办法了。所以，这时候只要知道对方机器的账号和密码就可以通过expect脚本实现登录和远程命令。

使用expect之前，需要先安装expect：

yum install -y expect 

1.自动远程登录，并执行命令

首先来看一个登录后不退出的脚本：

#! /usr/bin/expect
set host "192.168.11.102"
set passwd "123456"
spawn ssh  [email protected]$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
interact

再来看一个登陆后，执行命令然后退出的脚本：

#!/usr/bin/expect
set user "root"
set passwd "123456"

spawn ssh [email protected]

expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "touch /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "echo 1212 > /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"

2.我们还可以传递参数

#!/usr/bin/expect
set user [lindex $argv 0]
set host [lindex $argv 1]
set passwd "123456"
set cm [lindex $argv 2]

spawn ssh [email protected]$host

expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"

执行：

./2.expect root 192.168.11.18 w

3.自动同步文件

#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "123456"
spawn rsync -av [email protected]:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof

4.指定host和要同步的文件

#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "123456"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -av $file [email protected]$host:$file
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof

执行：

./4.expect 192.168.11.18 /tmp/12.txt

构建文件分发系统

1.需求背景

对于大公司而言，肯定时不时会有网站或者配置文件更新，而且使用的机器肯定也是好多台，少则几台，多则几十甚至上百台。所以，自动同步文件是至关重要的。

2.实现思路

首先要有一台模板机器，把要分发的文件准备好，然后只要使用expect脚本批量把需要同步的文件分发到目标机器即可。

3. 核心命令

rsync -av --files-from=list.txt  /  [email protected]:/

4. 文件分发系统的实现

cat rsync.expect


#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "123456"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -av --files-from=$file / [email protected]$host:/
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof

cat ip.list

192.168.11.18
192.168.11.19
......

cat rsync.sh

#!/bin/bash
for ip in `cat ip.list`
do
    echo $ip
    ./rsync.expect $ip list.txt
done

5.命令批量执行脚本

cat exe.expect

#!/usr/bin/expect
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set passwd "123456"
set cm [lindex $argv 1]

spawn ssh [email protected]$host

expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"

cat exe.sh

#!/bin/bash
for ip in `cat ip.list`
do
    echo $ip
    ./exe.expect $ip 'w;free -m;ls /tmp"
done